Sono-leather technology with ultrasound: A boon for unit operations in leather processing - review of our research work at Central Leather Research Institute (CLRI), India
IR@NEIST: CSIR-North East Institute of Science and Technology, Jorhat
View Archive Info| Field | Value | |
| Title |
Sono-leather technology with ultrasound: A boon for unit operations in leather processing - review of our research work at Central Leather Research Institute (CLRI), India
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| Creator |
SIVAKUMAR, V
SWAMINATHAN, G Rao, P G RAMASAMI, T |
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| Subject |
Chemical Engineering
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| Description |
Ultrasound is a sound wave with a frequency above the human audible range of 16 Hz to 16 kHz. In recent years, numerous unit
operations involving physical as well as chemical processes are reported to have been enhanced by ultrasonic irradiation. There
have been benefits such as improvement in process efficiency, process time reduction, performing the processes under milder
conditions and avoiding the use of some toxic chemicals to achieve cleaner processing. These could be a better way of
augmentation for the processes as an advanced technique. The important point here is that ultrasonic irradiation is physical method
activation rather than using chemical entities. Detailed studies have been made in the unit operations related to leather such as
diffusion rate enhancement through porous leather matrix, cleaning, degreasing, tanning, dyeing, fatliquoring, oil–water
emulsification process and solid–liquid tannin extraction from vegetable tanning materials as well as in precipitation reaction in
wastewater treatment. The fundamental mechanism involved in these processes is ultrasonic cavitation in liquid media. In addition
to this there also exist some process specific mechanisms for the enhancement of the processes. For instance, possible real-time
reversible pore-size changes during ultrasound propagation through skin/leather matrix could be a reason for diffusion rate
enhancement in leather processing as reported for the first time. Exhaustive scientific research work has been carried out in this
area by our group working in Chemical Engineering Division of CLRI and most of these benefits have been proven with publications
in valued peer-reviewed international journals. The overall results indicate that about 2–5-fold increase in the process efficiency due
to ultrasound under the given process conditions for various unit operations with additional benefits. Scale-up studies are underway
for converting these concepts in to a real viable larger scale operation. In the present paper, summary of our research findings from
employing this technique in various unit operations such as cleaning, diffusion, emulsification, particle-size reduction, solid–liquid
leaching (tannin and natural dye extraction) as well as precipitation has been presented
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| Date |
2009
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| Type |
Article
PeerReviewed |
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| Identifier |
SIVAKUMAR, V and SWAMINATHAN, G and Rao, P G and RAMASAMI, T (2009) Sono-leather technology with ultrasound: A boon for unit operations in leather processing - review of our research work at Central Leather Research Institute (CLRI), India. Ultrasonics Sonochemistry, 16 (1). pp. 116-119.
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| Relation |
http://neist.csircentral.net/56/
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