Bacterial reduction in genotoxicity of Direct Red 28 dye.
IR@NEERI: National Environment Engineering Research Institute
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| Title |
Bacterial reduction in genotoxicity of Direct Red 28 dye.
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| Creator |
Bafana, Amit
Jain, Minakshi Agrawal, Gaurav Chakrabarti, T |
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| Subject |
Environmental Health
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| Description |
Direct Red 28 (DR28) is a benzidine-based azo dye widely used in several countries. It has also been a subject of intense research for its anti-prion activity. Like other benzidine-based azo dyes, it is also carcinogenic and toxic. However, there are very few studies addressing its detoxification. In the present study, a Bacillus velezensis strain was used for detoxification of DR28. Toxicity was checked by a battery of highly sensitive genotoxicity assays like comet assay, DNA ladder formation, terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling assay and flow cytometric Annexin V binding assay. HL-60 cell line was used as the test system. All the assays showed an initial increase in toxicity upon biodegradation due to release of mutagenic products, like benzidine and 4-aminobiphenyl, from the dye. These intermediates caused significant DNA damage and induced apoptosis in HL-60 cells. Then the culture degraded these mutagenic intermediates, due to which the toxicity was reduced gradually, finally resulting in nearly complete detoxification.
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| Publisher |
Elsevier
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| Date |
2009-03
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| Type |
Article
PeerReviewed |
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| Format |
application/pdf
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| Identifier |
http://neeri.csircentral.net/334/1/published.pdf
Bafana, Amit and Jain, Minakshi and Agrawal, Gaurav and Chakrabarti, T (2009) Bacterial reduction in genotoxicity of Direct Red 28 dye. Chemosphere, 74 (10). pp. 1404-6. ISSN 1879-1298 |
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| Relation |
http://neeri.csircentral.net/334/
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